Why and how did plantation agriculture shape slavery in the Caribbean and Carolina?

French and the English were using slave labor to produce sugar on large plantations in 1640s. After many English islanders left to Chesapeake and Carolina, slavery moved with them. Tobacco was the dominant crop at that time in the English West Indies and Virginia.  Because It requiring few labors and effort to produce it.  When sugar came up, it changed economy and society too. Producing sugar need triple the labor force of tobacco. So, they replaced the African slaves to white servants. “Most planters preferred black slaves to white servants because they could be driven harder and maintained more cheaply” Boyer page55”. I think the history repeat itself, nowadays we prefer some nationalities than other because they are chapter or work hard. Since producing sugar need more labors, the slave increased from 40,000 to 130,000 in 1713.

In 1690 the southern Carolinians found rice and planters tried to compete the Caribbean sugar planters.  White servants did not survive in the humid rice because it has malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Planters imported many African slaves because the shortage of slaves.  There are many two reasons of importing African slaves. First, they had some experience of raising the rice. Secondly, African were immune to malaria and other diseases so they wouldn’t get sick. Importing African salves helped rising the rice in Carolina.  The number of slaves increased form 17 percent in 1680 to 67 percent in 1720 which let whites relied on force and fear to control their slaves. “In 1696 Carolina adopted the galling restrictions and gruesome punishments of the Barbados slave code” Boyer page55”. After this huge number of salves, planters started to follow punishments way to control them.